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Virulence factors and serogroups
The pathogenic E. coli within each pathotype may be further classified as virotypes, based on the virulence genes that they possess. A virotype is a particular combination of virulence genes. Important virulence factors encoded by these genes include fimbrial adhesins, enterotoxins, cytotoxins, capsule, and lipopolysaccharide, or LPS. Pathogenic E. coli may also be differentiated by serotypinc, based on antigenic differences in the O antigen of the LPS, in the flagellar or H antigens, and the fimbrial or F antigens.
The diagrams of the Pathogenesis section show how pathogenic E. coli of each pathotype cause disease. Follow the appropriate links to learn which virulence factors are involved in each step of the disease process, and what are the important O serotypes and virotypes.
Virulence factors, virotypes, and O serotypes of Escherichia coli belonging to the different pathotypes found in animals
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ETEC
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Animal species
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Fimbrial adhesins
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Enterotoxins
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O serotypes
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Virotypes
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Calves
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F5 (K99), F41
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STa
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8, 9, 20, 64, 101
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STa:K99:F41
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Dog
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Unknown
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STa
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Not known
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STa
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Pig - newborn
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F4ac (K88ac), F5 (K99), F6 (987P), F41
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STa, STb, LT, EAST1
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8, 9, 20, 45, 64, 101, 138, 141, 147, 149, 157
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STa:K99:F41, STa:F41, STa:987P,
LT:STb:EAST1:F4ac(K88ac), LT:STb:STa:EAST1:F4ac(K88ac),
STb:EAST1:AIDA
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Pig - postweaning
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F4ac (K88ac), F18ab (F107ab), F18ac (F107ac)
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STa, STb, LT, EAST1
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8, 138, 139, 141, 147, 149, 157
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LT:STb:EAST1:F4ac(K88ac), LT:STb:STa:EAST1:F4ac(K88ac), STa:STb, STa:STb:F18ac, STa:F18ac, LT:STb, STb
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STEC (Edema disease)
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Animal species
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Fimbrial adhesins
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Toxins
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O serotypes
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Virotypes
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Pig
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F18ab
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Stx2e
previously known as Verotoxin (VTe) or Shiga-like toxin (SLT-IIv) Hemolysin
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138, 139, 141
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Stx2e:F18ab:(AIDA)
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EPEC
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Animal species
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Virulence factors
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O serotypes
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Dog
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Intimin (Eae), Tir (Intimin-receptor), EspA, EspB, EspD, EspC (enterotoxin)
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Not known
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Pig -
postweaning
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Intimin (Eae), Tir (Intimin-receptor), EspA, EspB, EspD, EspC (enterotoxin)
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O45, O103, O108, NT
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Rabbit - newborn
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Intimin (Eae), Tir (Intimin-receptor), EspA, EspB, EspD, EspC (enterotoxin)
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O2, O8, O15, O103, O109
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Rabbit - weaned
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Intimin (Eae), Tir (Intimin-receptor), EspA, EspB, EspD, EspC (enterotoxin)
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O15, O20, O25, O103, O109, O128, O132
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ExPEC
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Animal species
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Fimbrial adhesins
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Other virulence factors
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O serotypes
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Calves - septicemia
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P, F17
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CNF1, CNF2, CDT
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8, 9, 15, 26, 35, 45, 78, 86, 101, 115, O117, 137
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Cow -
mastitis
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-
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LPS, CNF
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Diverse
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Pig - septicemia
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F165-1 (P fimbrial family), F165-2 (S fimbrial family)
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Aerobactin, CNF1 or CNF2, CDT
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6, 8, 9, 11, 15, 17, 18, 20, 45, 60, 78, 83, 93, 101, 112, 115, 116
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Poultry - cellulitis
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F1, P
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K1
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2, 25, 71, 78
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Poultry - septicemia
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F1 (type 1), F11 (P fimbrial family)
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Aerobactin, K1, Tsh
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1, 2, 8, 15, 18, 35, 78, 88, 109, 115
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UPEC
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Animal species
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Fimbrial adhesins
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Other virulence factors
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O serotypes
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Pig - postweaning
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P, S
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Aerobactin, CNF1
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1, 4, 6, 18
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STEC (Ruminants)
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Animal species
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Virulence factors
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Toxins
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O serotypes
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Cattle -
Hemorrhagic dysentery
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Intimin (Eae), Tir, EspA, EspB, EspD, EspC (enterotoxin)
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Stx1 and/or Stx2
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5, 8, 20, 26, 103, 111, 118, 145
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Cattle as carrier, pathogenic in humans
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Intimin (Eae), Tir, EspA, EspB, EspD, EspC (enterotoxin)
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Stx1 and/or Stx2
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XXX
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